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	<title>Jack Williams &#187; Ask Jack</title>
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	<link>http://www.weatherjackwilliams.com</link>
	<description>science writer and book author</description>
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		<title>Answers: heating, cooling degree days</title>
		<link>http://www.weatherjackwilliams.com/archives/answers-heating-cooling-degree-days</link>
		<comments>http://www.weatherjackwilliams.com/archives/answers-heating-cooling-degree-days#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 11 May 2011 00:47:57 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Jack Williams ©2011</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Ask Jack]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[News & Events]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[cooling degree days]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[heating degree days]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Jack Williams]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[weather answers]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[weather questions.]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.weatherjackwilliams.com/?p=2515</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Q: Several years ago, you wrote a short article for USA TODAY about heating degree days. I have depended on that article, and its links, to monitor the heating and cooling degree days in my area.  Now, I cannot access this article any longer through a USA TODAY search and I&#8217;d really like to have [...]]]></description>
		<wfw:commentRss>http://www.weatherjackwilliams.com/archives/answers-heating-cooling-degree-days/feed</wfw:commentRss>
		<slash:comments>2</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Answers: Hurricane rainbands</title>
		<link>http://www.weatherjackwilliams.com/archives/answers-hurricane-rainbands</link>
		<comments>http://www.weatherjackwilliams.com/archives/answers-hurricane-rainbands#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 06 May 2011 22:05:13 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Jack Williams ©2011</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Ask Jack]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[News & Events]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[AMS Weather Book]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[hurricanes]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[rainbands]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[spiral bands]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[weather questions.]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.weatherjackwilliams.com/?p=2504</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[<a href=http://www.weatherjackwilliams.com/archives/answers-hurricane-rainbands><img src=http://www.weatherjackwilliams.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/05/Ivan--150x150.jpg class=imgtfe hspace=5 align=left width=150  border=0></a>Q: Cross-cut figures of hurricanes show a structure like a jelly roll turned on end and sliced through the middle.  Are these rings all connected in a continuous spiral or are they multiple rings? (I suspect they are continuous.) Also, how do they develop in the evolution of a hurricane? That is, why isn&#8217;t the hurricane [...]]]></description>
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		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Answers: Finding wind data</title>
		<link>http://www.weatherjackwilliams.com/archives/answers-finding-wind-data</link>
		<comments>http://www.weatherjackwilliams.com/archives/answers-finding-wind-data#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sun, 26 Dec 2010 20:47:40 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Jack Williams ©2011</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Ask Jack]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[aviation weather]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[aviation weather forecasts]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[National Weather Service]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[weather answers]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[weather questions.]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Wind]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[wind aloft forecasts]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[wind forecasts]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[winds aloft]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.weatherjackwilliams.com/?p=2348</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[<a href=http://www.weatherjackwilliams.com/archives/answers-finding-wind-data><img src=http://www.weatherjackwilliams.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/12/DataStream_NE_surface_map-150x150.gif class=imgtfe hspace=5 align=left width=150  border=0></a>Q: What is your favorite source for near real time surface wind visualizations in the mid Atlantic region. I need the information for balloon flight planning in the field. Curt, Falls Church, Va. A:  I’ve yet to find any really good visualizations for surface winds because none show the winds in any real detail. That [...]]]></description>
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		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
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		<item>
		<title>Answers: Supercooled water</title>
		<link>http://www.weatherjackwilliams.com/archives/answers-supercooled-water</link>
		<comments>http://www.weatherjackwilliams.com/archives/answers-supercooled-water#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 17 Nov 2010 03:42:14 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Jack Williams ©2011</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Ask Jack]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[32 degrees]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[aircraft icing]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[AMS Weather Book]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[aviation weather forecasts]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[freezing nuclei]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ice]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[supercooled liquid water]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[water drops]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[weather answers]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.weatherjackwilliams.com/?p=2255</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[<a href=http://www.weatherjackwilliams.com/archives/answers-supercooled-water><img src=http://www.weatherjackwilliams.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/11/2010-11-16nasa_twin_otter_ice1-150x150.jpg class=imgtfe hspace=5 align=left width=150  border=0></a>Q: How can water that is below 32 degrees F (zero degrees C) remain in liquid form and not freeze? That is, become &#8220;supercooled&#8221;? Matt, LaGrange, Ga. A: The best way to begin understanding how supercooled liquid water forms is to forgot what you&#8217;ve been told about water &#8220;freezing at 32 degrees F.&#8221; This is [...]]]></description>
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		<slash:comments>8</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Answers: Arizona tornadoes</title>
		<link>http://www.weatherjackwilliams.com/archives/answers-arizona-tornadoes</link>
		<comments>http://www.weatherjackwilliams.com/archives/answers-arizona-tornadoes#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 22 Jun 2010 17:47:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Jack Williams ©2011</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Ask Jack]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[AMS Weather Book]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Arizona]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[dust devils]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Jack Williams]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[National Climatic Data Center]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[National Weather Service]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[NCDC]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[NOAA]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[storms]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[tornadoes]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[weather answers]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Yuma]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.weatherjackwilliams.com/?p=2103</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[<a href=http://www.weatherjackwilliams.com/archives/answers-arizona-tornadoes><img src=http://www.weatherjackwilliams.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/06/Mojave_DustDevil1-150x150.jpg class=imgtfe hspace=5 align=left width=150  border=0></a>Q: Do tornadoes occur in south-west Arizona, including in the Yuma area? Chris,  Yuma, Ariz. A: A few tornadoes have occurred in Yuma County in the past, which means that they can  occur in the future. Nevertheless, the record shows they are rare and usually weak. If  you go to the National Climatic Data Center&#8217;s [...]]]></description>
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		<slash:comments>3</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Answers: AMS Weather Book Supplementary Texts</title>
		<link>http://www.weatherjackwilliams.com/archives/answers-ams-weather-book-supplementary-texts</link>
		<comments>http://www.weatherjackwilliams.com/archives/answers-ams-weather-book-supplementary-texts#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sun, 09 May 2010 16:03:26 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Jack Williams ©2011</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Ask Jack]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[American Meteorological Society]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[AMS Weather Book]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[AMS Weather Book Supplementary Text]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[University of Chicago Press]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[weather questions.]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.weatherjackwilliams.com/?p=2021</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Q: Are The AMS Weather Book Supplementary Texts available as a whole, in one digital file, such as a PDF file (or perhaps even in hard copy)?  I would like to print and to keep those supplementary texts with my copy of The AMS Weather Book.  If so, please provide the &#8216;Net location from which [...]]]></description>
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		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Pilot answers: Upper air data and forecasts</title>
		<link>http://www.weatherjackwilliams.com/archives/pilot-answers-upper-air-data-and-forecasts</link>
		<comments>http://www.weatherjackwilliams.com/archives/pilot-answers-upper-air-data-and-forecasts#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 27 Apr 2010 16:29:35 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Jack Williams ©2011</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Ask Jack]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[News & Events]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[aviation weather]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[aviation weather forecasts]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Aviation Weather Handbook]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[dew point]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[flight planning]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Flight Training magazine]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[forecasting models]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[forecasts aloft]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Log P]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[National Weather Service]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[NOAA]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[NWS]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[pilot weather strategies]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Rapid Update Cycle]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[RUC model]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[skew T]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[soundings]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[standard briefing]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Terry Lankford]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[The Front]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[upper air soundings]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[upper air temepratuers]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.weatherjackwilliams.com/?p=1995</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[<a href=http://www.weatherjackwilliams.com/archives/pilot-answers-upper-air-data-and-forecasts><img src=http://www.weatherjackwilliams.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/04/Skew_T_image-copy-150x150.jpg class=imgtfe hspace=5 align=left width=150  border=0></a>Q: I use RUC soundings for flight planning, but I am befuddled by the following: When I enter a station, load the Op40 soundings, and hover with my mouse over the loaded graph I see  bold numbers on the far-left near the Pressure (mb) line, and light numbers appear directly underneath my cursor with a [...]]]></description>
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		<slash:comments>3</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>When seasons begin &#8212; revistited</title>
		<link>http://www.weatherjackwilliams.com/archives/when-seasons-begin-revistited</link>
		<comments>http://www.weatherjackwilliams.com/archives/when-seasons-begin-revistited#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 01 Apr 2010 16:06:51 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Jack Williams ©2011</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Ask Jack]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[News & Events]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[AMS Weather Book]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[cross-quarter days]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[day-night across earth]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[equinox]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Jack Williams]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[seasons]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[solstice]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[U.S. Naval Observatory]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[weather answers]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.weatherjackwilliams.com/?p=1933</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[<a href=http://www.weatherjackwilliams.com/archives/when-seasons-begin-revistited><img src=http://www.weatherjackwilliams.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/04/earthview2_136898-150x150.jpg class=imgtfe hspace=5 align=left width=150  border=0></a>Q: Hello Jack. I was wondering if anyone ever turned in an answer on your &#8220;official seasons&#8221; proposal from last summer. I am doing my senior research project on the seasons, and would like to know what you found out. Thank you for your time. Justin, Redwood Falls, MN A: The question refers to an [...]]]></description>
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		<slash:comments>1</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Answers: Weather balloons and airplanes</title>
		<link>http://www.weatherjackwilliams.com/archives/answers-weather-balloons-and-airplanes</link>
		<comments>http://www.weatherjackwilliams.com/archives/answers-weather-balloons-and-airplanes#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 23 Feb 2010 01:04:36 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Jack Williams ©2011</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Ask Jack]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[airlane]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[AMS Weather Book]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Flight Training magazine]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[forecasts]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[pilots]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[radiosonde]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[weather answers]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[weather balloon]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.weatherjackwilliams.com/?p=1855</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[<a href=http://www.weatherjackwilliams.com/archives/answers-weather-balloons-and-airplanes><img src=http://www.weatherjackwilliams.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/02/nssl00201-150x150.jpg class=imgtfe hspace=5 align=left width=150  border=0></a>Q: Hi, I enjoyed &#8220;Rise Up&#8221; in the March 2010 AOPA Flight Training magazine.   I wonder about  the danger of those weather balloons and noted your  comments about there being &#8220;no danger&#8221; as it&#8217;s floating down under parachute. But really, hasn&#8217;t there ever been an incident or accident associated with one of these balloons [...]]]></description>
		<wfw:commentRss>http://www.weatherjackwilliams.com/archives/answers-weather-balloons-and-airplanes/feed</wfw:commentRss>
		<slash:comments>3</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Answers: Wind direction</title>
		<link>http://www.weatherjackwilliams.com/archives/answers-wind-direction</link>
		<comments>http://www.weatherjackwilliams.com/archives/answers-wind-direction#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sat, 23 Jan 2010 04:11:43 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Jack Williams ©2011</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Ask Jack]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[News & Events]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.weatherjackwilliams.com/?p=1739</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[<a href=http://www.weatherjackwilliams.com/archives/answers-wind-direction><img src=http://www.weatherjackwilliams.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/01/1-22-10_WindDir1-150x150.gif class=imgtfe hspace=5 align=left width=150  border=0></a>Q: In your article in the January 2010 issue of AOPA Flight Training, you say: &#8220;If the lines on a weather map showing air pressures of 500 millibars and 496 millibars were straight and parallel, the PGF and Coriolis forces would soon balance and the wind would flow parallel to the lines of equal atmospheric [...]]]></description>
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		<slash:comments>1</slash:comments>
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